The Global Development Potential Indices (DPIs) data set contains thirteen sector-level DPIs for sectors related to renewable energy (concentrated solar power, photovoltaic solar, wind, hydropower), fossil fuels (coal, conventional and unconventional oil and gas), mining (metallic, non-metallic), and agriculture (crop, biofuels expansion). The DPI for each sector represents land suitability that accounts for both resource potential and development feasibility. Each DPI is a 1-km spatially-explicit, global land suitability map that has been validated using locations of current and planned development, and examined for uncertainty and sensitivity. The DPIs can be used to identify lands with current favorable economic and physical conditions for individual sector expansion and assist in planning for sector and cumulative development across the globe.