IPCC AR6 Synthesis Report LR Figure 2.1 (c): Changes in global surface temperature

The global surface temperature (shown as annual anomalies from a 1850–1900 baseline) has increased by around 1.1°C since 1850–1900. The vertical bar on the right shows the estimated temperature (very likely range) during the warmest multicentury period in at least the last 100,000 years, which occurred around 6500 years ago during the current interglacial period (Holocene). Prior to that, the next most recent warm period was about 125,000 years ago, when the assessed multicentury temperature range [0.5°C–1.5℃] overlaps the observations of the most recent decade. These past warm periods were caused by slow (multi-millennial) orbital variations.

Data download: IPCC AR6 SYR LR Figure 2.1 (c) (Excel Workbook, ~15.5 KB)

Data Citation:
IPCC, 2025. IPCC AR6 Synthesis Report LR Figure 2.1 (c): Changes in global surface temperature. Palisades, New York: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). https://doi.org/10.7927/nq55-cr83. Accessed DAY MONTH YEAR

Citation of IPCC Reports:
IPCC, 2023: Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 184 pp. https://doi.org/10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647.

IPCC, 2021: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S. L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M. I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T. K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu and B. Zhou (eds.)].Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA,. 3−32 pp. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896.001.