Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Amini, H., M. Danesh-Yazdi, Q. Di, W. Requia, Y. Wei, Y. AbuAwad, L. Shi, M. Franklin, C.-M. Kang, J. M. Wolfson, P. James, R. Habre, Q. Zhu, J. S. Apte, Z. J. Andersen, X. Xing, C. Hultquist, I. Kloog, F. Dominici, P. Koutrakis, and J. Schwartz Publication_Date: 20230428 Title: Annual Mean PM2.5 Components Trace Elements (TEs) 50m Urban and 1km Non-Urban Area Grids for Contiguous U.S., 2000-2019, v1 Edition: 1.00 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Palisades, NY Publisher: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.7927/1x94-mv38 Description: Abstract: The Annual Mean PM2.5 Components Trace Elements (TEs) 50m Urban and 1km Non-Urban Area Grids for Contiguous U.S., 2000-2019, v1 data set contains annual predictions of trace elements concentrations at a hyper resolution (50m x 50m grid cells) in urban areas and a high resolution (1km x 1km grid cells) in non-urban areas, for the years 2000 to 2019. Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) is a human silent killer of millions worldwide, and contains many trace elements (TEs). Understanding the relative toxicity is largely limited by the lack of data. In this work, ensembles of machine learning models were used to generate approximately 163 billion predictions estimating annual mean PM2.5 TEs, namely Bromine (Br), Calcium (Ca), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Potassium (K), Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), Silicon (Si), Vanadium (V), and Zinc (Zn). The monitored data from approximately 600 locations were integrated with more than 160 predictors, such as time and location, satellite observations, composite predictors, meteorological covariates, and many novel land use variables using several machine learning algorithms and ensemble methods. Multiple machine-learning models were developed covering urban areas and non-urban areas. Their predictions were then ensembled using either a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) Ensemble Geographically-Weighted-Averaging (GAM-ENWA), or Super-Learners. The overall best model R-squared values for the test sets ranged from 0.79 for Copper to 0.88 for Zinc in non-urban areas. In urban areas, the R-squared model values ranged from 0.80 for Copper to 0.88 for Zinc. The Coordinate Reference System (CRS) used in the predictions is the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) and the units for the PM2.5 Components TEs are ng/m^3. The data are provided in RDS tabular format, a file format native to the R programming language, but can also be opened by other languages such as Python. Purpose: To provide annual PM2.5 component trace elements concentration data for the contiguous U.S. at resolutions of 50m in urban areas and 1km in non-urban areas for public health research to estimate effects on human health, and for other related research. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20000101 Ending_Date: 20191231 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -180.000000 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -65.000000 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 72.000000 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 17.000000 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: SEDAC Theme Theme_Keyword: Health Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD Science Keywords, Version 8.6 Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > AEROSOLS > PARTICULATE MATTER Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > AIR QUALITY > PARTICULATES Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Granularity Theme_Keyword: Country Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO Topic Theme_Keyword: Environment Theme_Keyword: Health Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CIESIN Location Terms, Version 3.1 Place_Keyword: United States of America Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0). Users are free to use, copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work for commercial and non-commercial purposes, without restriction, as long as clear attribution of the source is provided Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: CIESIN, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, P.O. Box 1000 City: Palisades State_or_Province: New York Postal_Code: 10964 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: +1 845-365-8920 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: +1 845-365-8922 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ciesin.info@ciesin.columbia.edu Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/downloads/maps/aqdh/aqdh-pm2-5-component-trace-elements-50m-1km-contiguous-us-2000-2019/sedac-logo.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell Row_Count: 2891 Column_Count: 4355 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.008330 Longitude_Resolution: 0.008330 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS84 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: CIESIN, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, P.O. Box 1000 City: Palisades State_or_Province: New York Postal_Code: 10964 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: +1 845-365-8920 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: +1 845-365-8922 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ciesin.info@ciesin.columbia.edu Resource_Description: CIESIN_SEDAC_AQDH_TRACE_US_1KM Distribution_Liability: CIESIN follows procedures designed to ensure that data disseminated by CIESIN are of reasonable quality. If, despite these procedures, users encounter apparent errors or misstatements in the data, they should contact SEDAC User Services at +1 845-365-8920 or via email at ciesin.info@ciesin.columbia.edu. Neither CIESIN nor NASA verifies or guarantees the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any data provided. CIESIN provides this data without warranty of any kind whatsoever, either expressed or implied. CIESIN shall not be liable for incidental, consequential, or special damages arising out of the use of any data provided by CIESIN. Standard_Order_Process: Ordering_Instructions: The data in RData (.rds) format are available from the NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Rdata File_Decompression_Technique: unzip Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/aqdh-pm2-5-component-trace-elements-50m-1km-contiguous-us-2000-2019/data-download Access_Instructions: Data accessible via the data set landing page. Available_Time_Period: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20230428 Ending_Date: Present Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20220912 Metadata_Review_Date: 20230428 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) Metadata Administration Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: CIESIN, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, P.O. Box 1000 City: Palisades State_or_Province: New York Postal_Code: 10964 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: +1 845-365-8988 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: +1 845-365-8922 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: metadata@ciesin.columbia.edu Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time