Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Frolking, S., T. Milliman, R. Mahtta, A. Paget, D. G. Long, and K. C. Seto Publication_Date: 20220929 Title: Global Monthly and Seasonal Urban and Land Backscatter Time Series, 1993-2020 Edition: 1.00 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Palisades, NY Publisher: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.7927/gr2e-dh86 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Frolking, S., T. Milliman, R. Mahtta, A. Paget, D. G. Long, and K. C. Seto Publication_Date: 20220316 Title: A Global Urban Microwave Backscatter Time Series Data Set for 1993-2020 Using ERS, QuikSCAT, and ASCAT Data Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: journal article Series_Information: Series_Name: Scientific Data Issue_Identification: 9: 88 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01193-w Description: Abstract: The Global Monthly and Seasonal Urban and Land Backscatter Time Series, 1993-2020, is a multi-sensor, multi-decadal, data set of global microwave backscatter, for 1993 to 2020. It assembles data from C-band sensors onboard the European Remote Sensing Satellites (ERS-1 and ERS-2) covering 1993-2000, Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) onboard EUMETSAT satellites for 2007-2020, and the Ku-band sensor onboard the QuikSCAT satellite for 1999-2009, onto a common spatial grid (0.05 degree latitude /longitude resolution) and time step (both monthly and seasonal). Data are provided for all land (except high latitudes and islands), and for urban grid cells, based on a specific masking that removes grid cells with > 50% open water or < 20% built land. The all-land data allows users to choose and evaluate other urban masks. There is an offset between C-band and Ku-band backscatter from both vegetated and urban surfaces that is not spatially constant. There is a strong linear correlation (overall R-squared value = 0.69) between 2015 ASCAT urban backscatter and a continental-scale gridded product of building volume, across 8,450 urban grid cells (0.05 degree resolution) from large cities in Europe, China, and the United States. Purpose: To provide a 28-year time series of microwave backscatter to support analysis of patterns and trends in growth of global urban building infrastructure. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19930101 Ending_Date: 20201231 Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -180.000000 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 180.000000 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 90.000000 South_Bounding_Coordinate: -90.000000 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: GCMD Science Keywords, Version 8.6 Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION > REFLECTANCE Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: SEDAC Theme Theme_Keyword: Remote Sensing Theme_Keyword: Sustainability Theme_Keyword: Urban Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Data Granularity Theme_Keyword: Global Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO Topic Theme_Keyword: Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CIESIN Location Terms, Version 3.1 Place_Keyword: Global Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0). Users are free to use, copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work for commercial and non-commercial purposes, without restriction, as long as clear attribution of the source is provided. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: CIESIN, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, P.O. Box 1000 City: Palisades State_or_Province: New York Postal_Code: 10964 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: +1 845-365-8920 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: +1 845-365-8922 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ciesin.info@ciesin.columbia.edu Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/downloads/maps/urbanspatial/urbanspatial-urban-land-backscatter-time-series-1993-2020/sedac-logo.jpg Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.050000 Longitude_Resolution: 0.050000 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: WGS84 Ellipsoid_Name: WGS84 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: CIESIN, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, P.O. Box 1000 City: Palisades State_or_Province: New York Postal_Code: 10964 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: +1 845-365-8920 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: +1 845-365-8922 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ciesin.info@ciesin.columbia.edu Resource_Description: CIESIN_SEDAC_USPAT_BSCATTER_1993_2020 Distribution_Liability: CIESIN follows procedures designed to ensure that data disseminated by CIESIN are of reasonable quality. If, despite these procedures, users encounter apparent errors or misstatements in the data, they should contact SEDAC User Services at +1 845-365-8920 or via email at ciesin.info@ciesin.columbia.edu. Neither CIESIN nor NASA verifies or guarantees the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of any data provided. CIESIN provides this data without warranty of any kind whatsoever, either expressed or implied. CIESIN shall not be liable for incidental, consequential, or special damages arising out of the use of any data provided by CIESIN. Standard_Order_Process: Fees: 0 Ordering_Instructions: The data in Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format (.tif), and Network Common Data Format Version 4 (.nc) formats are available from the NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: netCDF-4 File_Decompression_Technique: Unzip Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/urbanspatial-urban-land-backscatter-time-series-1993-2020/data-download Access_Instructions: Data accessible via the data set landing page. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GeoTIFF File_Decompression_Technique: unzip Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/set/urbanspatial-urban-land-backscatter-time-series-1993-2020/data-download Access_Instructions: Data accessible via the data set landing page. Available_Time_Period: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20220929 Ending_Date: Present Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20220330 Metadata_Review_Date: 20220929 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) Metadata Administration Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: CIESIN, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, P.O. Box 1000 City: Palisades State_or_Province: New York Postal_Code: 10964 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: +1 845-365-8988 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: +1 845-365-8922 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: metadata@ciesin.columbia.edu Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time