To provide urban center level estimates of the average share of the built-up area of cities that is open space for public use for all.

To provide an annual global surface of concentrations (micrograms per cubic meter) of all composition ground-level fine particulate matter of 2.5 micrometers or smaller (PM2.5) for large-scale health and environmental research.

To visualize changes in brightness and extent of global nighttime lights networks over two decades with improved radiometric accuracy and finer spatial resolution.

To provide a continuous surface of NO2 concentrations for health and environmental research.

To provide a global data set of average summer daytime maximum/nighttime minimum land surface temperatures (LSTs) for urban extents, as well as the LST difference between the urban area and the buffer.

To provide raster representations of global summer daytime maximum and nighttime minimum surface temperature for studies related to human health and climate change.