To provide a future development threat map based on combining these resources: agricultural expansion, urban expansion, conventional oil and gas, unconventional oil and gas, coal, mining, biofuels, solar, and wind.

To provide a global subnational map of infant mortality rate estimates for the year 2015, to be used by a wide user community in interdisciplinary studies of health, poverty, and the environment.

To provide representations of urban areas in the Continental U.S. in the year 2015 to support sustainable urban development planning in accordance with the growth of urban areas.

To provide satellite altimeter corrected digital elevation data for environmental, socioeconomic, climate and other related research, such as flood risk assessment, land deformations, landslide modelling, urban planning, and sea level rise impacts.

To provide global urban, rural, and total population projection grids based on Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) data at a resolution of 1-km for climate, socioeconomic, environmental, and other related research.

To provide data on changes in freshwater availability in order to better understand impacts on regional food supplies, human and ecosystem health, energy generation, and social unrest.

To provide geographically gridded data of agricultural pesticides crucial to assess human and ecosystem exposure to potential and recognized toxicants for environmental modelling, assessment of agricultural chemical contamination and risk analysis, and other related research.

To provide data that can be used in independent spatial statistical analyses, construction of development-related indices, or in combination with remote sensing data in order to identify spatio-temporal patterns and/or changes in different demographic categories, such as male, female, urban, rural, level of education, etc.

To provide estimates of population counts by age and sex for the year 2010, consistent with national censuses and population registers, as raster data to facilitate data integration.

To provide a vector (point) version of the input administrative units used in GPWv4 with population estimates, densities, 2010 basic demographic characteristics, and administrative name, area, and data context for use in data integration.

To provide context for the population count and density rasters, and explicit information on the spatial precision of the input boundary data.

To provide estimates of population count for the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, consistent with national censuses and population registers, as raster data to facilitate data integration.

To provide pixel-level land and water surface area estimates.

To provide estimates of population density for the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, based on counts consistent with national censuses and population registers with respect to relative spatial distribution, but adjusted to match United Nations country totals.

To provide a raster representation of nation-states in GPWv4 for use in aggregating population data.

To provide estimates of population count for the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, consistent with national censuses and population registers with respect to relative spatial distribution, but adjusted to match United Nations country totals.

To provide estimates of population density for the years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, based on counts consistent with national censuses and population registers, as raster data to facilitate data integration.

To provide an annual global surface of concentrations (micrograms per cubic meter) of mineral dust and sea-salt filtered fine particulate matter of 2.5 micrometers or smaller (PM2.5) for large-scale health and environmental research.

To provide data that can be used to calculate trace gas and aerosol emissions, due to fires; monitor and assess national efforts to manage emissions.

To provide spatially explicit, historic, city-level population data from 3700 BC to AD 2000 for improved understanding of contemporary and historical urbanization trends.